The volume of money in the Swedish economy has increased much faster than in previous years. At the same time, inflation is higher than it has been for decades. The relationship between money supply and inflation has been questioned for a long time, but now it is seen in a new light.
The Swedish economy is showing some resilience. Especially the labour market has been stable. But there are still major challenges. Not least, households are struggling with high inflation and increasing interest rates with reduced spending as a result.
Decrease in savings to boost consumption in Finland
Household purchasing power has weakened significantly over the past year. However, households have maintained their spending by tapping into their savings.
The economy has surprised positively in the first months of the year, but the outlook for the rest of the year is clearly weaker. The rise in prices and interest rates will continue to put pressure on consumers, and lower housing demand will decrease the volume of construction.
After tough negotiations the labour market parties have managed to reach a new collective agreement for the private sector – calling off the risk of a long and costly conflict. Moreover, the agreement will likely make it possible for wage earners to regain lost purchasing power.
After a period at full steam, the Danish economy is preparing for a soft landing. Household spending has been limited by high inflation, and the construction industry especially is being affected by high interest rates.
China is now one of the bright spots in the global economy thanks to its post-COVID rebound. Developed economies, however, continue to fight against inflation, which is still too high. As central banks tighten their monetary policy it remains to be seen whether they will be able to deliver a soft landing or if many economies will slide into a recession.
Inflation is still too high, requiring further monetary policy tightening. The need for a rapid green and digital transition, coupled with sharply rising defence spending, will change global demand over the coming years, says Helge Pedersen, Nordea Group Chief Economist.
Nordea Group Chief Economist: Central banks face a delicate balancing act
2023 looks set to be yet another uncertain and challenging year. Although inflation seems to have peaked, it is still an open question how much further monetary policy tightening is needed to lower it substantially.
How much will the pressure on the Norwegian economy affect wage growth and inflation going forward? That is one of the key questions Norges Bank needs to consider when setting interest rates. If labour shortages do not improve significantly ahead of this year’s pay talks, wage growth, and thus the interest rate peak, could exceed Norges Bank’s expectations.
Global growth is weak at the moment. However, there are signs that 2023 could uncork positive surprises, as mild weather has eased the energy crisis in Europe and China is set to rebound after ending its zero-COVID policy. From the financial markets’ perspective, one of the key questions is how easily inflation will come down in 2023.